记一次失败经历 Arduino UNO 使用 L298N 驱动直流电机

打算是要给多年前的遥控玩具车完整的一生,尸体只保留了车架子跟两个马达,后驱的车轴部分跟轮胎都找不到了,先上一段失败的成品演示。

需求

  1. 使用已经吃灰的一个电视盒子遥控器发射红外信号(NEC协议)
  2. 接收到红外指令后可以完成前后左右四个方向动作

配件

  1. Arduino Uno
  2. L298N驱动板
  3. 两个直流小马达
  4. 红外接收头1838一只(从吃灰的DVD上拆的。。)
  5. 某支持NEC协议的红外遥控器一个
  6. 杜邦线

接线图

程序

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/*
* SimpleReceiver.cpp
*
* Demonstrates receiving NEC IR codes with IRremote
*
* This file is part of Arduino-IRremote https://github.com/Arduino-IRremote/Arduino-IRremote.
*
************************************************************************************
* MIT License
*
* Copyright (c) 2020-2022 Armin Joachimsmeyer
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
* to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
* INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
* PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
* HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
* CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE
* OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
************************************************************************************
*/

/*
* Specify which protocol(s) should be used for decoding.
* If no protocol is defined, all protocols (except Bang&Olufsen) are active.
* This must be done before the #include <IRremote.hpp>
*/
//#define DECODE_DENON // Includes Sharp
//#define DECODE_JVC
//#define DECODE_KASEIKYO
//#define DECODE_PANASONIC // alias for DECODE_KASEIKYO
//#define DECODE_LG
#define DECODE_NEC // Includes Apple and Onkyo
//#define DECODE_SAMSUNG
//#define DECODE_SONY
//#define DECODE_RC5
//#define DECODE_RC6

//#define DECODE_BOSEWAVE
//#define DECODE_LEGO_PF
//#define DECODE_MAGIQUEST
//#define DECODE_WHYNTER
//#define DECODE_FAST

//#define DECODE_DISTANCE_WIDTH // Universal decoder for pulse distance width protocols
//#define DECODE_HASH // special decoder for all protocols

//#define DECODE_BEO // This protocol must always be enabled manually, i.e. it is NOT enabled if no protocol is defined. It prevents decoding of SONY!

//#define DEBUG // Activate this for lots of lovely debug output from the decoders.

//#define RAW_BUFFER_LENGTH 180 // Default is 112 if DECODE_MAGIQUEST is enabled, otherwise 100.

#include <Arduino.h>

#include "PinDefinitionsAndMore.h" // Define macros for input and output pin etc.
#include <IRremote.hpp>


//todo 控制直流电机 https://blog.csdn.net/ling3ye/article/details/51351115
int input1 = 5; // 定义uno的pin 5 向 input1 输出
int input2 = 6; // 定义uno的pin 6 向 input2 输出
int input3 = 9; // 定义uno的pin 9 向 input3 输出
int input4 = 10; // 定义uno的pin 10 向 input4 输出


void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// Just to know which program is running on my Arduino
Serial.println(F("START " __FILE__ " from " __DATE__ "\r\nUsing library version " VERSION_IRREMOTE));

// Start the receiver and if not 3. parameter specified, take LED_BUILTIN pin from the internal boards definition as default feedback LED
IrReceiver.begin(IR_RECEIVE_PIN, ENABLE_LED_FEEDBACK);

Serial.print(F("Ready to receive IR signals of protocols: "));
printActiveIRProtocols(&Serial);
Serial.println(F("at pin " STR(IR_RECEIVE_PIN)));

pinMode(input1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(input2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(input3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(input4,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
/*
* Check if received data is available and if yes, try to decode it.
* Decoded result is in the IrReceiver.decodedIRData structure.
*
* E.g. command is in IrReceiver.decodedIRData.command
* address is in command is in IrReceiver.decodedIRData.address
* and up to 32 bit raw data in IrReceiver.decodedIRData.decodedRawData
*/
if (IrReceiver.decode()) {

/*
* Print a short summary of received data
*/
IrReceiver.printIRResultShort(&Serial);
IrReceiver.printIRSendUsage(&Serial);
if (IrReceiver.decodedIRData.protocol == UNKNOWN) {
Serial.println(F("Received noise or an unknown (or not yet enabled) protocol"));
// We have an unknown protocol here, print more info
IrReceiver.printIRResultRawFormatted(&Serial, true);
}
Serial.println();

/*
* Finally, check the received data and perform actions according to the received command
*/
if (IrReceiver.decodedIRData.command == 0x11) {
// do something
Serial.println("left");


digitalWrite(input3,HIGH); //给高电平
digitalWrite(input4,LOW); //给低电平

} else if (IrReceiver.decodedIRData.command == 0x12) {
// do something else
Serial.println("right");

digitalWrite(input3,LOW); //给高电平
digitalWrite(input4,HIGH); //给低电平
}
else if (IrReceiver.decodedIRData.command == 0x13) {
// do something else
Serial.println("up");

digitalWrite(input1,LOW);
digitalWrite(input2,HIGH);

}
else if (IrReceiver.decodedIRData.command == 0x14) {
// do something else
Serial.println("down");

//forward 向前转
digitalWrite(input1,HIGH); //给高电平
digitalWrite(input2,LOW); //给低电平
}else{
Serial.println("...");


delay(200);
digitalWrite(input1,LOW);
digitalWrite(input2,LOW);
digitalWrite(input3,LOW);
digitalWrite(input4,LOW);
}
/*
* !!!Important!!! Enable receiving of the next value,
* since receiving has stopped after the end of the current received data packet.
*/
IrReceiver.resume(); // Enable receiving of the next value
}
}

PinDefinitionsAndMore.h

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/*
* PinDefinitionsAndMore.h
*
* Contains pin definitions for IRremote examples for various platforms
* as well as definitions for feedback LED and tone() and includes
*
* Copyright (C) 2021-2022 Armin Joachimsmeyer
* armin.joachimsmeyer@gmail.com
*
* This file is part of IRremote https://github.com/Arduino-IRremote/Arduino-IRremote.
*
* Arduino-IRremote is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
* See the GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
*
*/

/*
* Pin mapping table for different platforms
*
* Platform IR input IR output Tone Core/Pin schema
* --------------------------------------------------------------
* DEFAULT/AVR 2 3 4 Arduino
* ATtinyX5 0|PB0 4|PB4 3|PB3 ATTinyCore
* ATtiny167 3|PA3 2|PA2 7|PA7 ATTinyCore
* ATtiny167 9|PA3 8|PA2 5|PA7 Digispark pro
* ATtiny3217 18|PA1 19|PA2 20|PA3 MegaTinyCore
* ATtiny1604 2 3|PA5 %
* ATtiny816 14|PA1 16|PA3 1|PA5 MegaTinyCore
* ATtiny1614 8|PA1 10|PA3 1|PA5 MegaTinyCore
* SAMD21 3 4 5
* ESP8266 14|D5 12|D6 %
* ESP32 15 4 27
* BluePill PA6 PA7 PA3
* APOLLO3 11 12 5
* RP2040 3|GPIO15 4|GPIO16 5|GPIO17
*/
//#define _IR_MEASURE_TIMING // For debugging purposes.

#if defined(__AVR__)
#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny25__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny45__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny85__) // Digispark board
#include "ATtinySerialOut.hpp" // TX is at pin 2 - Available as Arduino library "ATtinySerialOut". Saves 700 bytes program memory and 70 bytes RAM for ATtinyCore
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 0
#define IR_SEND_PIN 4 // Pin 2 is serial output with ATtinySerialOut. Pin 1 is internal LED and Pin3 is USB+ with pullup on Digispark board.
#define TONE_PIN 3
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 3

# elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny87__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny167__) // Digispark pro board
#include "ATtinySerialOut.hpp" // Available as Arduino library "ATtinySerialOut"
// For ATtiny167 Pins PB6 and PA3 are usable as interrupt source.
# if defined(ARDUINO_AVR_DIGISPARKPRO)
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 9 // PA3 - on Digispark board labeled as pin 9
//#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 14 // PB6 / INT0 is connected to USB+ on DigisparkPro boards
#define IR_SEND_PIN 8 // PA2 - on Digispark board labeled as pin 8
#define TONE_PIN 5 // PA7 - on Digispark board labeled as pin 5
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 10 // PA4
# else
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 3 // PA3 - on Digispark board labeled as pin 9
#define IR_SEND_PIN 2 // PA2 - on Digispark board labeled as pin 8
#define TONE_PIN 7 // PA7 - on Digispark board labeled as pin 5
# endif

# elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny88__) // MH-ET Tiny88 board
#include "ATtinySerialOut.hpp" // Available as Arduino library "ATtinySerialOut". Saves 128 bytes program memory
// Pin 6 is TX pin 7 is RX
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 3 // INT1
#define IR_SEND_PIN 4
#define TONE_PIN 9
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 8

# elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny1616__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny3216__) || defined(__AVR_ATtiny3217__) // Tiny Core Dev board
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 18
#define IR_SEND_PIN 19
#define TONE_PIN 20
#define APPLICATION_PIN 0 // PA4
#undef LED_BUILTIN // No LED available on the TinyCore 32 board, take the one on the programming board which is connected to the DAC output
#define LED_BUILTIN 2 // PA6

# elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny816__) // Tiny Core Micro
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 14 // PA1
#define IR_SEND_PIN 16 // PA3
#define TONE_PIN 1 // PA5
#define APPLICATION_PIN 0 // PA4
#undef LED_BUILTIN // No LED available, take the one which is connected to the DAC output
#define LED_BUILTIN 4 // PB5

# elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny1614__)
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 8 // PA1
#define IR_SEND_PIN 10 // PA3
#define TONE_PIN 1 // PA5
#define APPLICATION_PIN 0 // PA4

# elif defined(__AVR_ATtiny1604__)
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2 // To be compatible with interrupt example, pin 2 is chosen here.
#define IR_SEND_PIN 3
#define APPLICATION_PIN 5

#define tone(...) void() // Define as void, since TCB0_INT_vect is also used by tone()
#define noTone(a) void()
#define TONE_PIN 42 // Dummy for examples using it

# elif defined(__AVR_ATmega1284__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega1284P__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega644__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega644P__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega324P__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega324A__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega324PA__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega164A__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega164P__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega32__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega16__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega8535__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega64__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega128__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega1281__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2561__) \
|| defined(__AVR_ATmega8515__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega162__)
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2
#define IR_SEND_PIN 13
#define TONE_PIN 4
#define APPLICATION_PIN 5
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 6 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 7

# else // Default as for ATmega328 like on Uno, Nano, Leonardo, Teensy 2.0 etc.
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2 // To be compatible with interrupt example, pin 2 is chosen here.
#define IR_SEND_PIN 3
#define TONE_PIN 4
#define APPLICATION_PIN 5
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 6 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 7

# if defined(ARDUINO_AVR_PROMICRO) // Sparkfun Pro Micro is __AVR_ATmega32U4__ but has different external circuit
// We have no built in LED at pin 13 -> reuse RX LED
#undef LED_BUILTIN
#define LED_BUILTIN LED_BUILTIN_RX
# endif
# endif // defined(__AVR_ATtiny25__)...

#elif defined(ESP8266)
#define FEEDBACK_LED_IS_ACTIVE_LOW // The LED on my board (D4) is active LOW
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 14 // D5
#define IR_SEND_PIN 12 // D6 - D4/pin 2 is internal LED
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 2 // D4
#define APPLICATION_PIN 13 // D7

#define tone(...) void() // tone() inhibits receive timer
#define noTone(a) void()
#define TONE_PIN 42 // Dummy for examples using it

#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
#define IR_INPUT_PIN 8
#define IR_SEND_PIN 9
#define TONE_PIN 10 // ADC2_0
#define APPLICATION_PIN 11

#elif defined(ESP32)
#include <Arduino.h>

// tone() is included in ESP32 core since 2.0.2
#if !defined(ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION_VAL)
#define ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION_VAL(major, minor, patch) 12345678
#endif
#if ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION <= ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION_VAL(2, 0, 2)
#define TONE_LEDC_CHANNEL 1 // Using channel 1 makes tone() independent of receiving timer -> No need to stop receiving timer.
void tone(uint8_t aPinNumber, unsigned int aFrequency){
ledcAttachPin(aPinNumber, TONE_LEDC_CHANNEL);
ledcWriteTone(TONE_LEDC_CHANNEL, aFrequency);
}
void tone(uint8_t aPinNumber, unsigned int aFrequency, unsigned long aDuration){
ledcAttachPin(aPinNumber, TONE_LEDC_CHANNEL);
ledcWriteTone(TONE_LEDC_CHANNEL, aFrequency);
delay(aDuration);
ledcWriteTone(TONE_LEDC_CHANNEL, 0);
}
void noTone(uint8_t aPinNumber){
ledcWriteTone(TONE_LEDC_CHANNEL, 0);
}
#endif // ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION <= ESP_ARDUINO_VERSION_VAL(2, 0, 2)

#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 15 // D15
#define IR_SEND_PIN 4 // D4
#define TONE_PIN 27 // D27 25 & 26 are DAC0 and 1
#define APPLICATION_PIN 16 // RX2 pin

#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_STM32F1) // BluePill
// Timer 3 blocks PA6, PA7, PB0, PB1 for use by Servo or tone()
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN PA6
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN_STRING "PA6"
#define IR_SEND_PIN PA7
#define IR_SEND_PIN_STRING "PA7"
#define TONE_PIN PA3
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN PA5
#define APPLICATION_PIN PA2
#define APPLICATION_PIN_STRING "PA2"
# if defined(ARDUINO_GENERIC_STM32F103C) || defined(ARDUINO_BLUEPILL_F103C8)
// BluePill LED is active low
#define FEEDBACK_LED_IS_ACTIVE_LOW
# endif

#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_APOLLO3) // Sparkfun Apollo boards
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 11
#define IR_SEND_PIN 12
#define TONE_PIN 5

#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED) && defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED_NANO) // Arduino Nano 33 BLE
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 3 // GPIO15 Start with pin 3 since pin 2|GPIO25 is connected to LED on Pi pico
#define IR_SEND_PIN 4 // GPIO16
#define TONE_PIN 5
#define APPLICATION_PIN 6
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 7 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 8

#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040) // Arduino Nano Connect, Pi Pico with arduino-pico core https://github.com/earlephilhower/arduino-pico
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 15 // GPIO15 to be compatible with the Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect (pin3)
#define IR_SEND_PIN 16 // GPIO16
#define TONE_PIN 17
#define APPLICATION_PIN 18
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 19 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 20

// If you program the Nano RP2040 Connect with this core, then you must redefine LED_BUILTIN
// and use the external reset with 1 kOhm to ground to enter UF2 mode
#undef LED_BUILTIN
#define LED_BUILTIN 6

#elif defined(PARTICLE) // !!!UNTESTED!!!
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN A4
#define IR_SEND_PIN A5 // Particle supports multiple pins

#define LED_BUILTIN D7

/*
* 4 times the same (default) layout for easy adaption in the future
*/
#elif defined(TEENSYDUINO) // Teensy 2.0 is handled at default for ATmega328 like on Uno, Nano, Leonardo etc.
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2
#define IR_SEND_PIN 3
#define TONE_PIN 4
#define APPLICATION_PIN 5
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 6 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 7

#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED) // Arduino Nano 33 BLE
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2
#define IR_SEND_PIN 3
#define TONE_PIN 4
#define APPLICATION_PIN 5
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 6 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 7

#elif defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SAMD) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_SAM)
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2
#define IR_SEND_PIN 3
#define TONE_PIN 4
#define APPLICATION_PIN 5
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 6 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 7

#if !defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_ADAFRUIT)
// On the Zero and others we switch explicitly to SerialUSB
#define Serial SerialUSB
#endif

// Definitions for the Chinese SAMD21 M0-Mini clone, which has no led connected to D13/PA17.
// Attention!!! D2 and D4 are swapped on these boards!!!
// If you connect the LED, it is on pin 24/PB11. In this case activate the next two lines.
//#undef LED_BUILTIN
//#define LED_BUILTIN 24 // PB11
// As an alternative you can choose pin 25, it is the RX-LED pin (PB03), but active low.In this case activate the next 3 lines.
//#undef LED_BUILTIN
//#define LED_BUILTIN 25 // PB03
//#define FEEDBACK_LED_IS_ACTIVE_LOW // The RX LED on the M0-Mini is active LOW

#elif defined (NRF51) // BBC micro:bit
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2
#define IR_SEND_PIN 3
#define APPLICATION_PIN 1
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 4

#define tone(...) void() // no tone() available
#define noTone(a) void()
#define TONE_PIN 42 // Dummy for examples using it

#else
#warning Board / CPU is not detected using pre-processor symbols -> using default values, which may not fit. Please extend PinDefinitionsAndMore.h.
// Default valued for unidentified boards
#define IR_RECEIVE_PIN 2
#define IR_SEND_PIN 3
#define TONE_PIN 4
#define APPLICATION_PIN 5
#define ALTERNATIVE_IR_FEEDBACK_LED_PIN 6 // E.g. used for examples which use LED_BUILDIN for example output.
#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 7
#endif // defined(ESP8266)

#if defined(ESP32) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_RP2040) || defined(PARTICLE) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_MBED)
#define SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER // We do not have pin restrictions for this CPU's, so lets use the hardware PWM for send carrier signal generation
#else
# if defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
#undef IR_SEND_PIN // SendPin is determined by timer! This avoids warning in IRTimer.hpp
# endif
#endif

#if !defined (FLASHEND)
#define FLASHEND 0xFFFF // Dummy value for platforms where FLASHEND is not defined
#endif
#if !defined (RAMEND)
#define RAMEND 0xFFFF // Dummy value for platforms where RAMEND is not defined
#endif
#if !defined (RAMSIZE)
#define RAMSIZE 0xFFFF // Dummy value for platforms where RAMSIZE is not defined
#endif

/*
* Helper macro for getting a macro definition as string
*/
#if !defined(STR_HELPER)
#define STR_HELPER(x) #x
#define STR(x) STR_HELPER(x)
#endif

测试红外

程序运行后,对着红外接收头按下遥控器,Arduino 串口监视器会打印到下图的信息:

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2
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9
10
Protocol=NEC Address=0xBF00 Command=0x12 Raw-Data=0xED12BF00 32 bits LSB first
Send with: IrSender.sendNEC(0xBF00, 0x12, <numberOfRepeats>);

right
Protocol=NEC Address=0xBF00 Command=0x11 Raw-Data=0xEE11BF00 32 bits LSB first
Send with: IrSender.sendNEC(0xBF00, 0x11, <numberOfRepeats>);

left
Protocol=NEC Address=0xBF00 Command=0x12 Raw-Data=0xED12BF00 32 bits LSB first
Send with: IrSender.sendNEC(0xBF00, 0x12, <numberOfRepeats>);

只需根据

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IrReceiver.decodedIRData.command

来判断按下的是哪个键,然后对直流电机进行控制。

最后小车没有跑起来,虽然方向与前进后退都可以控制,可能是齿轮配比或者摩擦系数问题。原先的小车进行左右拐弯之后还有一个机械装置自动回正方向,时间长了这个部件也丢了。就是一次学习的经历了。